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Characterization of 3-inch photomultiplier tubes for the JUNO central detector

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This work is supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Grant No. XDA10011200.

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  • Received Date: July 17, 2018
  • Revised Date: November 11, 2018
  • Accepted Date: November 12, 2018
  • Available Online: October 17, 2022
  • Published Date: November 21, 2018
  • BackgroundJiangmen Underground Neutrino Observation (JUNO) is one of the largest experimental facilities for neutrino detecting. As its main structure, the central detector contains 20 kiloton liquid scintillator filled in an acrylic shell, and there are 18,000 20-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and 25,000 3-inch PMTs covering the shell.
    PurposeAs an independent photon detection system, 3-inch PMTs have been required to have excellent resolution for the single photoelectron detection, high quantum efficiency, small transit time spread and low dark noise rate.
    MethodsTwo kinds of 3-inch PMTs from HZC Photonics and Hamamatsu have been investigated as candidates. A dedicated test system for 3-inch PMTs has been designed, and various characterization parameters have been studied.
    ConclusionThe preliminary results show these PMTs can meet the requirements of JUNO.
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  • Nan Li, Yue-kun Heng, Miao He, et al. Characterization of 3-inch photomultiplier tubes for the JUNO central detector[J]. Radiation Detection Technology and Methods, 2019, 3(1): 6-6. DOI: 10.1007/s41605-018-0085-8
    Citation: Nan Li, Yue-kun Heng, Miao He, et al. Characterization of 3-inch photomultiplier tubes for the JUNO central detector[J]. Radiation Detection Technology and Methods, 2019, 3(1): 6-6. DOI: 10.1007/s41605-018-0085-8
  • Cited by

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    1. Si-Yuan Zhang, Yong-Bo Huang, Miao He, et al. Sub-GeV events energy reconstruction with 3-inch PMTs in JUNO. Nuclear Science and Techniques, 2025, 36(5) DOI:10.1007/s41365-025-01678-4
    2. Diru Wu, Jilei Xu, Miao He, et al. Study of the front-end signal for the 3-inch PMTs instrumentation in JUNO. Radiation Detection Technology and Methods, 2022, 6(3): 349. DOI:10.1007/s41605-022-00324-6
    3. Chuanya Cao, Jilei Xu, Miao He, et al. Mass production and characterization of 3-inch PMTs for the JUNO experiment. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2021, 1005: 165347. DOI:10.1016/j.nima.2021.165347

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