Induced radioactivity at particle accelerators: a short review

Purpose The induced radioactivity in accelerator components and decay characteristics of radioactive nuclei contained therein is critical for radiation safety of occupational workers as well as for the maintenance, repair, and decommissioning activities. The topic of induced radioactivity is widely reported and extensively explored in the literature by many researchers up to now. This mini-review would demonstrate the current state of the knowledge on induced radioactivity at particle accelerators.
Methods In this article, the concepts of activation-related studies and radionuclide generation in accelerator environments are reviewed. In addition, some studies on accelerator-induced radioactivity by Monte Carlo and experimental measurement methods are briefly described.
Results and conclusions The possible radiation protection problems caused by particle accelerator-induced radioactivity are briefly reviewed and analyzed. The produced radionuclides depend on the beam parameters such as particle type, energy, irradiation period, cooling time, and irradiated material. The Monte Carlo simulation method offers comparable advantages over empirical analysis method. A review of major studies in the field of induced radioactivity of particle accelerators confirmed that the extremely strong induced radioactivity generated at hot spots of accelerators means new challenges to radiation safety and deserves further investigation and discussion.